India Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) — Complete Guide

Understand legal use, documents, types, approved authorities (CCA), overseas applicant steps, and trusted places to buy.

Understanding Digital Signatures

A deep dive into what a DSC is, its legal standing, and how it secures your digital world.

What is a DSC?

A Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) is a secure digital key, issued by licensed Certifying Authorities (CAs), that verifies your identity in electronic transactions. It functions as the electronic equivalent of a handwritten signature but with enhanced security, typically stored on a hardware token. DSCs are based on Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), which uses a private key for signing and a public key for verification.


The Legal Framework in India 📜

Under the Information Technology Act, 2000, digital signatures are legally valid and equivalent to physical signatures. They are mandatory for various statutory compliances like e-filing tax returns (GST, Income Tax), company incorporations (MCA21), and e-tendering to ensure authenticity and prevent fraud. The Controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA) regulates the system to maintain trust and legal compliance.

Core Security Mechanisms

Authenticity

Links your verified identity to the document, allowing anyone to confirm you are the true signer.

Integrity

A digital fingerprint (hash) of the document is created. Any alteration after signing is immediately detectable, ensuring the document is tamper-proof.

Non-Repudiation

Since your private key is unique and secure, you cannot later deny having signed the document, making it legally enforceable.

Confidentiality (Optional)

DSCs can also be used to encrypt documents, ensuring that only authorized individuals can view the content.

Top 3 Websites to Purchase Your DSC

Based on service quality, price, and customer support, we recommend these providers.

Website One (dscsignature.com)

₹1500 / 2 yrs

Best for Beginners. Offers excellent step-by-step guidance and phone support, making the process very simple.

Visit Website
Website Two (esign.org.in)

₹2250 / 3 yrs

Best Value & Speed. Provides the fastest processing at a very competitive price point. Ideal for those who know the process.

Visit Website
Website Three (dscexpress.com)

₹1200 / 1 yr

Best for Business Packages. Great if you need a DSC along with other services like company registration or GST filing.

Visit Website

Common Use Cases

  • Income Tax e-Filing (sign returns/forms; e-Verify via DSC)
  • MCA/ROC filings (company incorporation, annual filings, DIN/KYC)
  • Government e-Tendering/e-Procurement portals (Class 3 DSC)
  • DGFT/ICEGATE, GST filings, Trademark/Patent, EPFO, etc.
Tip: Most e-tendering portals explicitly require a Class 3 DSC. Income-tax portal allows using a DSC for signing and e-verification after registering your DSC on the portal.

Sources: Income-tax e-filing DSC help/FAQ; Government e-procurement portal DSC page.

Documents Required

Individuals
  • Identity proof (PAN, Passport, Aadhaar/e-KYC, DL, etc.)
  • Address proof (Passport, DL, Bank/PO ID, utility bill, etc.)
  • Recent photograph (per CA’s specs)
  • Mobile/email verification; DSC video verification as per IVG
Organization (Authorised Signatory)
  • Entity PAN & registration (GST/MSME/COI, etc.)
  • Authorisation letter/board resolution
  • KYC of authorised signatory (ID & address)

Details vary by CA per CCA’s Identity Verification Guidelines (IVG). See your CA’s checklist.

Quick Prep
  1. Keep PAN/Aadhaar or Passport ready (per applicant type).
  2. Ensure address proof matches your application.
  3. Charge your phone/laptop for the mandatory video verification.
  4. If buying a “combo” (signing+encryption), confirm you need encryption.

Sources: CCA IVG; eMudhra document checklist (illustrative of typical proofs).

Types of DSC (by Usage)

Class 3 (Signing)

Widely used for ITR, MCA, e-tendering, and other portals.

Many government portals specify Class 3 for login/signing.

Class 3 (Encryption)

Used to encrypt tender bids or confidential submissions.

Often bundled with signing as a “combo”.

Special Purpose

DGFT, Document Signer, etc., per application/policy requirements.

Profiles & issuance per CCA IVG/IOG and CA CPS.

Sources: CCA pages (Digital Signature/classes), e-procurement portal (Class 3 requirement).

Licensed CAs & Popular Brands

India’s CCA licenses multiple CAs (e.g., eMudhra, XtraTrust, IDSign, nCode, Safescrypt, RISL, XtraTrust, etc.). You buy DSCs directly from these CAs or through their RAs/channel partners.

eMudhra

Large network, paperless onboarding, clear checklists and support.

Visit
Capricorn CA

Official purchase flow for Individuals/Orgs/DGFT/Foreigners.

Visit
XtraTrust

Licensed CA with online issuance and guidance resources.

Visit

Source: CCA list of Licensed CAs; official CA sites.

Controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA) & RAs

The CCA supervises India’s Public Key Infrastructure and licenses CAs. You can obtain a DSC from any licensed CA (or its RA). Always verify a provider against the official CCA list.

Official CCA list of Licensed CAs → cca.gov.in/CAServicesPublic.html

Source: CCA “CA Services to Public” page.

Foreign Applicants (Non-Residents & Foreign Nationals)

  • Yes — DSCs can be issued to foreign nationals; CAs follow Section 3 of CCA’s Identity Verification Guidelines (IVG).
  • Identity & address must be verified; CAs retain digitally-signed proof and logs as per IVG.
  • Video verification and mobile/email checks are standard parts of issuance.
  • If documents are issued outside India, CAs typically require notarisation and/or apostille, or attestation by an Indian Embassy/Consulate (CA-specific process).

Sources: CCA “Issuance to Foreign Nationals”, CCA IVG notes (verification/video), and CA process pages (apostille/embassy attestation practices).

What to prepare
  1. Passport (ID) and foreign address proof.
  2. OCI/PIO/visa (if applicable).
  3. Notarised/apostilled/consular attested copies as required by your chosen CA.
  4. Device/driver ready for the live/video verification and DSC download.

Brand Snapshots & Mini-Reviews

eMudhra
  • Pros: Mature support network; paperless onboarding; clear checklists; wide portal compatibility.
  • Cons: Pricing varies by channel/RA; combo (sign+encrypt) may be upsold when not needed.
  • Good for: Individuals/SMBs wanting guided onboarding for ITR, MCA, tenders.
Official Site
Capricorn CA
  • Pros: Clear buy flow with options for Individuals/Orgs/DGFT/Foreigners; broad channel presence.
  • Cons: Interface and naming can differ across reseller portals.
  • Good for: Tender users and overseas applicants needing flexible SKUs.
Official Buy Page

Notes based on official CA sites and major reseller listings.

Frequently Asked Questions

Licensed Certifying Authorities (CAs) under the Controller of Certifying Authorities (CCA). You apply through a CA or its RA/channel.
Source: CCA “How to get DSC”.

Most portals (e-procurement, MCA, ITR e-verify) accept/require Class 3 Signing; add Encryption only if your portal needs it (e.g., tender bid encryption).
Sources: Government e-procurement portal; Income-tax portal help.

Typically 1–3 years, depending on the product you purchase from the CA.
Source: eMudhra product pages.

Yes. CAs follow CCA’s IVG for verification of foreign nationals. Expect identity/address verification plus video verification; many CAs ask for notarised/apostilled or embassy-attested documents.
Sources: CCA issuance to foreign nationals; IVG/video verification; CA guidance.

Many portals require a token driver and/or bridge (e.g., emBridge) and registering your DSC within the portal before signing/e-verify.
Sources: Income-tax DSC tutorial & DSC Management Utility.

Yes. CAs provide renewal flows; you’ll still need to complete the CA’s verification steps per IVG (which may include video verification).

Approved DSC Vendors / Authorized Certifying Authorities (Vendors)

The following CAs/Vendors are specifically listed on the Indian Government eTendering / eProcurement portal as authorised providers of Class-3 Digital Signature Certificates (DSC) and/or e-Tokens. You can obtain DSCs/e-tokens from any of these authorised vendors.

Note: This list is according to the “Help For Contractors” instructions on the Government eProcurement System. Always cross-check with the CA’s own site and CCA licensed-CA list to ensure current validity.